UTI

Molecular information is now available to improve diagnosis and to assess the risk for chronic sequels

 It seems that different genetic mechanisms are present in the development of lower and upper UTIs

 Future studies should be directed towards understanding how the innate immune response changes as a result bladder mucosal remodeling in previously infected mice, and validate these findings in human clinical specimens

References

1. Godaly G, Ambite I, Svanborg C. Innate immunity and genetic determinants of uninary tract infection susceptibility. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2015; 28:88–96.
2. O'Brien VP, Hannan TJ, Schaeffer AJ, Hultgren SJ. Are you experienced? Understanding bladder innate immunity in the context of recurrent urinary tract infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2015; 28:97–105.
3. Stalenhoef JE, van Dissel JT, van Nieuwkoop C. Febrile urinary tract infection in the emergency room. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2015; 28:106–111.
4. Singh R, Geerlings SE, Bemelman FJ. Asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infections among renal allograft recipients. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2015; 28:112–116.